I find this "liberated age" morally and intellectually void of any redeeming qualities. I must admit that when I was a teenager life styles were, in comparison, almost puritanical and teenagers felt life was too restrictive. Today the restrictions have indeed been relaxed. In fact I see very little sign of any restrictions on content and explicitness and I find this both annoying and insulting to my concept of decency or morality.
I search through the movie listings to find a film that will be enjoyable. No assurance, because most films contain offensive scenes and dirty language that are completely unnecessary and rather than improve the film, undermine its enjoyment. Children today have, in my estimation, pitiable role models to try to find. It seems the lower the mentality and the poorer the performance, the higher the admiration is for it.
I don't pretend to know the remedy for this condition. Certainly not censorship; but it seems that more pressure might be put on the entertainment industry to clean up its act and tone down its attempts to see who can deliver the most filth without being sued. A little less PC and more honesty would certainly help.
I think it is very disturbing that in the name of freedom of the press we have allowed ourselves to be inundated 24 hours per day by "entertainment" that is not fit for children, much less for adults. What we see today is democracy and capitalism run amok. America's forefathers surely had no clue that technology (I don't think that word was even invented yet) would advance to the point that our treasured basic freedoms would allow multi-media anarchy to reign. The liberated age is an illusion. Our culture now allows us to be liberated only when supplying trash. It does not allow us to be liberated in ideas.
Of course, certain elements within the "entertainment" industry have promoted the crude humor, overt sexuality, unnecessary violence and crude language because it makes money for them -- money from individuals who have become so depraved they don't know any alternative types of entertainment. They are people who have never been taught the importance of love, honor, self-respect, and the need to give back something good to their community. I feel sorry for people who do not see the splendor in nature, in fine art, in profound literature, in gorgeous music, in lasting friendships and in the purity of love.
The burning question is whether we are grateful to live in this liberated age, surrounded by unsophisticated humor, explicit sexuality and excessive violence. I am more puzzled than grateful. The United States is the most religious of all the industrialized nations. We have the highest percentage of church attendance and of people who say that religion is very important in their lives. According to Sen. Joseph Lieberman, religion is the basis of morality. Yet, this nation also has the highest murder rate and the largest percentage of people in prison, not to mention the most degenerate forms of entertainment. How can we have it both ways? If we are living in a moral cesspool, are we also a Christian nation, under God?
What a change in the entertainment fare of our media! We were laughing at the antics of Lucille Ball, Bill Cosby and Tim Allen. Now we have scenarios of men using the restroom urinal, of couples bedroom-bound on the first date. It is shock and negative plot versus talent and a creative script. The human spirit needs beauty, inspiration and challenge to grow and flourish -- qualities that have existed in America. The media and the sponsors need to hear our protest, loud and clear, that we will boycott them and the products they sell if they don't clean up their act.
Yes, it is wonderful living today, with the exception of the filth being handed out by the so-called, entertainment industry and the media, among others. Everyone talks of free speech. Does this mean that I and those that reject the filth must listen to it? The right to "Freedom of Speech" needs to have an addendum attached covering our equal right to be "Free of Forced Listening," which we are currently made to endure by the large-scale coverage of the filth directed toward us by the hardhearted and selfish use of "free speech."
I suppose the entertainment industry provides what is asked for. I just don't know who asks for the filth. We turned the TV off in June and the only time the radio is turned on is when we are leaving the house. Most religious leaders today say that the United States has forgotten God. I don't think that is true; we as a nation have rejected Him, which is a lot worse.
Does living longer because of better food and medicine while having a society full of lies, deceit, drugs, immoral behavior and the like make our lives richer? When you read the newspapers of the past, do you see the offensive language that you see today? Even some so-called comics and cartoons are downright nasty, stupid, vulgar, mean and don't belong in a newspaper.
The excessive violence on the other hand causes me immense concern. I have never been able to stomach violence -- I missed a lot of great movies because of it: "Clockwork Orange," "Apocalypse Now," etc. But at least that violence was pertinent to the storyline. Now, the violence is the storyline. I still miss a lot of movies because of the violence quotient and am appalled that boys and young men get so much pleasure from playing violent video games. It puts me in mind of the Romans and the violent spectacles of the Coliseum. It seems to me our society is headed in the same direction.
There is so much drivel available because it brings in the money. The only way it will be reduced (never stopped) is to stop supporting it. Parents who complain about it need to find a way to control their children's access to it. And if they feel they can't, then they're just taking the easy way out. It's not easy to be a parent. Just because the challenges seem more difficult today, doesn't mean that they're without a solution. Stop blaming others and get back to providing the guidance your children need (and want). The freedoms we enjoy include freedoms for those who disagree with what others consider appropriate. Trying to restrict others from their expression is censorship. Not supporting the newspapers, magazines and movie houses that present that with which you find offense is the best way to reduce the abundance of distasteful "entertainment" and expression.
We have created generations of people who do not understand that words mean things. The more we dumb-down the language and desensitize ourselves to the crude and vulgar, the further we get from what is truly good. When the very common denominator of humanity, our language, is headed into the gutter, the decline in respect for human life should not surprise us. I fear my future grandchildren will enter a world that makes today look civilized.
I'm grateful to live in this age but do not believe all the terrible language and sexual content and violence should be allowed to be shown on TV, in movies or on records. There is a point where freedom of speech and morals of producers have to be considered in what is being done to our country (and to the world).
Tuesday, March 29, 2016
Sunday, March 27, 2016
Telecommunications
The transmission of words, sounds, images, or data in the form of electronic or
electromagnetic signals or impulses. Transmission media include the telephone
(using wire or optical cable), radio, television, microwave, and satellite. Data
communication, the fastest growing field of telecommunication, is the process of
transmitting data in digital form by wire or radio. Digital data can be
generated directly in a 1/0 binary code by a computer or can be produced from a
voice or visual signal by a process called encoding. A data communications
network is created by interconnecting a large number of information sources so
that data can flow freely among them. The data may consist of a specific item of
information, a group of such items, or computer instructions. Examples include a
news item, a bank transaction, a mailing address, a letter, a book, a mailing
list, a bank statement, or a computer program. The devices used can be computers,
terminals (devices that transmit and receive information), and peripheral
equipment such as printers (see Computer; Office Systems). The transmission line
used can be a normal or a specially purchased telephone line called a leased, or
private, line (see Telephone). It can also take the form of a microwave or a
communications-satellite linkage, or some combination of any of these various
systems.
Hardware and Software
Each telecommunications device uses hardware, which connects a device to the
transmission line; and software, which makes it possible for a device to
transmit information through the line.
Hardware
Hardware usually consists of a transmitter and a cable interface, or, if the
telephone is used as a transmission line, a modulator/demodulator, or modem. A
transmitter prepares information for transmission by converting it from a form
that the device uses (such as a clustered or parallel arrangement of electronic
bits of information) to a form that the transmission line uses (such as, usually,
a serial arrangement of electronic bits). Most transmitters are an integral
element of the sending device. A cable interface, as the name indicates,
connects a device to a cable. It converts the transmitted signals from the form
required by the device to the form required by the cable. Most cable interfaces
are also an integral element of the sending device. A modem converts digital
signals to and from the modulated form required by the telephone line to the
demodulated form that the device itself requires. Modems transmit data through a
telephone line at various speeds, which are measured in bits per second (bps) or
as signals per second (baud). Modems can be either integral or external units.
An external unit must be connected by cable to the sending device. Most modems
can dial a telephone number or answer a telephone automatically.
Software
Among the different kinds of software are file-transfer, host, and network
programs. File-transfer software is used to transmit a data file from one device
to another. Host software identifies a host computer as such and controls the
flow of data among devices connected to it. Network software allows devices in a
computer network to transmit information to one another.
Applications
Three major categories of telecommunication applications can be discussed here:
host-terminal, file-transfer, and computer-network communications.
Host-Terminal
In these types of communications, one computer—the host computer—is connected to
one or more terminals. Each terminal transmits data to or receives data from the
host computer. For example, many airlines have terminals that are located at the
desks of ticket agents and connected to a central, host computer. These
terminals obtain flight information from the host computer, which may be located
hundreds of kilometers away from the agent's site. The first terminals to be
designed could transmit data only to or from such host computers. Many terminals,
however, can now perform other functions such as editing and formatting data on
the terminal screen or even running some computer programs. Manufacturers label
terminals as "dumb," "smart," or "intelligent" according to their varying
capabilities. These terms are not strictly defined, however, and the same
terminal might be labeled as dumb, smart, or intelligent depending upon who is
doing the labeling and for what purposes.
File-Transfer
In file-transfer communications, two devices are connected: either two computers,
two terminals, or a computer and a terminal. One device then transmits an entire
data or program file to the other device. For example, a person who works at
home might connect a home computer to an office computer and then transmit a
document stored on a diskette to the office computer. An outgrowth of file
transfer is electronic mail. For example, an employee might write a document
such as a letter, memorandum, or report on a computer and then send the document
to another employee's computer.
Computer-Network
In computer-network communications, a group of devices is interconnected so that
the devices can communicate and share resources. For example, the branch-office
computers of a company might be interconnected so that they can route
information to one another quickly. A company's computers might also be
interconnected so that they can all share the same hard disk. The three kinds of
computer networks are local area networks (LAN), private branch exchange (PBX)
networks, and wide-area networks (WAN). LANs interconnect devices with a group
of cables; the devices communicate at a high speed and must be in close
proximity. A PBX network interconnects devices with a telephone switching
system; in this kind of network, the devices must again be in close proximity.
In wide-area networks, on the other hand, the devices can be at great distances
from one another; such networks usually interconnect devices by means of
telephone.
Telecommunication Services
Public telecommunication services are a relatively recent development in
telecommunications. The four kinds of services are network, information-
retrieval, electronic-mail, and bulletin-board services.
Network
A public network service leases time on a WAN, thereby providing terminals in
other cities with access to a host computer. Examples of such services include
Telenet, Tymnet, Uninet, and Datapac. These services sell the computing power of
the host computer to users who cannot or do not wish to invest in the purchase
of such equipment.
Information-Retrieval
An information-retrieval service leases time on a host computer to customers
whose terminals are used to retrieve data from the host. An example of this is
CompuServe, whose host computer is accessed by means of the public telephone
system. This and other such services provide general-purpose information on news,
weather, sports, finances, and shopping. Other information-retrieval services
may be more specialized. For example, Dow Jones News Retrieval Services provide
general-purpose information on financial news and quotations, corporate-earning
estimates, company disclosures, weekly economic survey updates, and Wall Street
Journal highlights. Newsnet provides information from about 200 newsletters in
30 different industries; Dialog Information Services, BRS Bibliographic
Retrieval Services, and Orbit Information Retrieval Services provide library
information; and Westlaw provides legal information to its users. See Database.
Electronic-Mail
By means of electronic mail, terminals transmit documents such as letters,
reports, and telexes to other computers or terminals. To gain access to these
services, most terminals use a public network. Source Mail (available through
The Source) and EMAIL (available through CompuServe) enable terminals to
transmit documents to a host computer. The documents can then be retrieved by
other terminals. MCI Mail Service and the U.S. Postal ECOM Service (also
available through The Source) let terminals transmit documents to a computer in
another city. The service then prints the documents and delivers them as hard
copy. ITT Timetran, RCA Global Communications, and Western Union Easylink let
terminals send telexes to other cities.
Bulletin-Board
By means of a bulletin board, terminals are able to facilitate exchanges and
other transactions. Many bulletin boards do not charge a fee for their services.
Users of these services simply exchange information on hobbies, buy and sell
goods and services, and exchange computer programs.
Ongoing Developments
Certain telecommunication methods have become standard in the telecommunications
industry as a whole, because if two devices use different standards they are
unable to communicate properly. Standards are developed in two ways: (1) the
method is so widely used that it comes to dominate; (2) the method is published
by a standard-setting organization. The most important organization in this
respect is the International Telecommunication Union, a specialized agency of
the United Nations, and one of its operational entities, the International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT). Other organizations in
the area of standards are the American National Standards Institute, the
Institute of Electrical Engineers, and the Electronic Industries Association.
One of the goals of these organizations is the full realization of the
integrated services digital network (ISDN), which is projected to be capable of
transmitting through a variety of media and at very high speeds both voice and
nonvoice data around the world in digital form.
Other developments in the industry are aimed at increasing the speed at which
data can be transmitted. Improvements are being made continually in modems and
in the communications networks. Some public data networks support transmission
of 56,000 bits per second (bps), and modems for home use (see Microcomputer) are
capable of as much as 28,800 bps.
Introduction
When a handful of American scientists installed the first node of a new computer
network in the late 60's, they could not know by any chance what phenomenon they
had launched. They were set a challenging task to develop and realise a
completely new communication system that would be either fully damage-resistant
or at least functional even if an essential part of it was in ruins, in case the
Third World War started. The scientists did what they had been asked to. By 1972
there were thirty-seven nodes already installed and ARPANET (Advanced Research
Projects Agency NET), as the system of the computer nodes was named, was working
(Sterling 1993). Since those "ancient times", during which the network was used
only for national academic and military purposes (Sterling 1993), much of the
character of the network has changed. Its today users work in both commercial
and non-commercial branches and not just in academic and governmental
institutions. Nor is the network only national: it has expanded to many
countries around the world, the network has become international and in that way
it got its name. People call it Internet.
The popularity of this new phenomenon is rising rapidly, almost beyond belief.
In January 1994 there were an estimated 2 million computers linked to the
Internet. However, this is nothing compared to the number from last year's
statistics. At the end of 1995, 10 million computers with 40-50 million users
were assumed to be connected to the network-of-networks. If it goes on like this,
most personal computers will be wired to the network at the end of this century
(Internet Society 1996).
The Internet is phenomenal in many ways. One of them is that it connects people
from different nations and cultures. The network enables them to communicate,
exchange opinions and gain information from one another. As each country has its
own national language, in order to communicate and make themselves understood in
this multilingual environment the huge number Internet users need to share a
knowledge of one particular language, a language that would function as a lingua
franca. On the Internet, for various reasons, the lingua franca is English.
Because of the large number of countries into which the Internet has spread and
which bring with them a considerable variety of languages English, for its
status of a global language, has become a necessary communication medium on the
Internet. What is more, the position of English as the language of the network
is strengthened by the explosive growth of the computer web as great numbers of
new users are connecting to it every day.
Internet, in computer science, an open interconnection of networks that enables
connected computers to communicate directly. There is a global, public Internet
and many smaller-scale, controlled-access internets, known as enterprise
internets. In early 1995 more than 50,000 networks and 5 million computers were
connected via the Internet, with a computer growth rate of about 9 percent per
month.
Services
The public Internet supports thousands of operational and experimental services.
Electronic mail (e-mail) allows a message to be sent from one computer to one or
more other computers. Internet e-mail standards have become the means of
interconnecting most of the world's e-mail systems. E-mail can also be used to
create collaborative groups through the use of special e-mail accounts called
reflectors, or exploders. Users with a common interest join a mailing list, or
alias, and this account automatically distributes mail to all its members. The
World Wide Web allows users to create and use point-and-click hypermedia
presentations. These documents are linked across the Internet to form a vast
repository of information that can be browsed easily. Gopher allows users to
create and use computer file directories. This service is linked across the
Internet to allow other users to browse files. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
allows users to transfer computer files easily between host computers. This is
still the primary use of the Internet, especially for software distribution, and
many public distribution sites exist. The Usenet service allows users to
distribute news messages automatically among thousands of structured newsgroups.
Telnet allows users to log in to another computer from a remote location. Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) allows almost any Internet object to be
remotely monitored and controlled.
Connection
Internets are constructed using many kinds of electronic transport media,
including optical fiber, telephone lines, satellite systems, and local area
networks. They can connect almost any kind of computer or operating system, and
they are self-aware of their capabilities. An internet is usually implemented
using international standards collectively called Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The protocols are implemented in software
running on the connected computer. Most computers connected to the internet are
called hosts. Computers that route data, or data packets, to other computers are
called routers. Networks and computers that are part of the global Internet
possess unique registered addresses and obtain access from Internet service
providers. There are four ways to connect to the public Internet: by host,
network, terminal, or gateway access. Host access is usually done either with
local area networks or with the use of telephone lines and modems combined with
Internet software on a personal computer. Host access allows the attached
computer to fully interact with any other attached computer—limited only by the
bandwidth of the connection and the capability of the computer. Network access
is similar to host access, but it is usually done via a leased telephone line
that connects to a local or wide area network. All the attached computers can
become Internet hosts. Terminal access is usually done via telephone lines and
modems combined with terminal-emulation software on a personal computer. It
allows interaction with another computer that is an Internet host. Gateway
access is similar to terminal access but is provided via on-line or similar
proprietary services, or other networks such as Bitnet, Fidonets, or UUCP nets
that allow users minimally to exchange e-mail with the Internet.
Development
The Internet technology was developed principally by American computer scientist
Vinton Cerf in 1973 as part of a United States Department of Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) project managed by American engineer Robert
Kahn. In 1984 the development of the technology and the running of the network
were turned over to the private sector and to government research and scientific
agencies for further development. Since its inception, the Internet has
continued to grow rapidly. In early 1995, access was available in 180 countries
and there were more than 30 million users. It is expected that 100 million
computers will be connected via the public Internet by 2000, and even more via
enterprise internets. The technology and the Internet have supported global
collaboration among people and organizations, information sharing, network
innovations, and rapid business transactions. The development of the World Wide
Web is fueling the introduction of new business tools and uses that may lead to
billions of dollars worth of business transactions on the Internet in the future.
In the Internet nowadays, the majority of computers are from the commercial
sphere. In fact, the commercialisation of the network, which has
been taking place during the last three or four years, has caused the recent
boom of the network, of the WWW service in particular . It all
started in the network's homeland in 1986, when ARPANET was gradually replaced
by a newer and technologically better built network called NSFNET. This network
was more open to private and commercial organisations which,
realising the potential of the possible commercial use of the Internet, started
to connect themselves to the network.
There are several possibilities how commercial organisations can benefit from
their connection to the English-speaking Internet. Internet users are supposed
to be able to speak and understand English, and actually most of them do. With
the rapidly rising number of users, the network is a potential world market
and English will be its important tool. The status of English as a
world language, or rather its large number of people who are able to process and
use information in English, already enables commercial organisations to present
themselves, their work and their products on the Internet. Thanks to English and
the Internet companies can correspond with their partners abroad, respond to any
question or give advice on any problem that their international customers can
have with their products almost immediately
. Considering the fact
that many of the biggest, economically strongest and influential organisations
are from the USA or other native English speaking countries, the
commercialisation has very much reinforced the use of English on the Internet.
electromagnetic signals or impulses. Transmission media include the telephone
(using wire or optical cable), radio, television, microwave, and satellite. Data
communication, the fastest growing field of telecommunication, is the process of
transmitting data in digital form by wire or radio. Digital data can be
generated directly in a 1/0 binary code by a computer or can be produced from a
voice or visual signal by a process called encoding. A data communications
network is created by interconnecting a large number of information sources so
that data can flow freely among them. The data may consist of a specific item of
information, a group of such items, or computer instructions. Examples include a
news item, a bank transaction, a mailing address, a letter, a book, a mailing
list, a bank statement, or a computer program. The devices used can be computers,
terminals (devices that transmit and receive information), and peripheral
equipment such as printers (see Computer; Office Systems). The transmission line
used can be a normal or a specially purchased telephone line called a leased, or
private, line (see Telephone). It can also take the form of a microwave or a
communications-satellite linkage, or some combination of any of these various
systems.
Hardware and Software
Each telecommunications device uses hardware, which connects a device to the
transmission line; and software, which makes it possible for a device to
transmit information through the line.
Hardware
Hardware usually consists of a transmitter and a cable interface, or, if the
telephone is used as a transmission line, a modulator/demodulator, or modem. A
transmitter prepares information for transmission by converting it from a form
that the device uses (such as a clustered or parallel arrangement of electronic
bits of information) to a form that the transmission line uses (such as, usually,
a serial arrangement of electronic bits). Most transmitters are an integral
element of the sending device. A cable interface, as the name indicates,
connects a device to a cable. It converts the transmitted signals from the form
required by the device to the form required by the cable. Most cable interfaces
are also an integral element of the sending device. A modem converts digital
signals to and from the modulated form required by the telephone line to the
demodulated form that the device itself requires. Modems transmit data through a
telephone line at various speeds, which are measured in bits per second (bps) or
as signals per second (baud). Modems can be either integral or external units.
An external unit must be connected by cable to the sending device. Most modems
can dial a telephone number or answer a telephone automatically.
Software
Among the different kinds of software are file-transfer, host, and network
programs. File-transfer software is used to transmit a data file from one device
to another. Host software identifies a host computer as such and controls the
flow of data among devices connected to it. Network software allows devices in a
computer network to transmit information to one another.
Applications
Three major categories of telecommunication applications can be discussed here:
host-terminal, file-transfer, and computer-network communications.
Host-Terminal
In these types of communications, one computer—the host computer—is connected to
one or more terminals. Each terminal transmits data to or receives data from the
host computer. For example, many airlines have terminals that are located at the
desks of ticket agents and connected to a central, host computer. These
terminals obtain flight information from the host computer, which may be located
hundreds of kilometers away from the agent's site. The first terminals to be
designed could transmit data only to or from such host computers. Many terminals,
however, can now perform other functions such as editing and formatting data on
the terminal screen or even running some computer programs. Manufacturers label
terminals as "dumb," "smart," or "intelligent" according to their varying
capabilities. These terms are not strictly defined, however, and the same
terminal might be labeled as dumb, smart, or intelligent depending upon who is
doing the labeling and for what purposes.
File-Transfer
In file-transfer communications, two devices are connected: either two computers,
two terminals, or a computer and a terminal. One device then transmits an entire
data or program file to the other device. For example, a person who works at
home might connect a home computer to an office computer and then transmit a
document stored on a diskette to the office computer. An outgrowth of file
transfer is electronic mail. For example, an employee might write a document
such as a letter, memorandum, or report on a computer and then send the document
to another employee's computer.
Computer-Network
In computer-network communications, a group of devices is interconnected so that
the devices can communicate and share resources. For example, the branch-office
computers of a company might be interconnected so that they can route
information to one another quickly. A company's computers might also be
interconnected so that they can all share the same hard disk. The three kinds of
computer networks are local area networks (LAN), private branch exchange (PBX)
networks, and wide-area networks (WAN). LANs interconnect devices with a group
of cables; the devices communicate at a high speed and must be in close
proximity. A PBX network interconnects devices with a telephone switching
system; in this kind of network, the devices must again be in close proximity.
In wide-area networks, on the other hand, the devices can be at great distances
from one another; such networks usually interconnect devices by means of
telephone.
Telecommunication Services
Public telecommunication services are a relatively recent development in
telecommunications. The four kinds of services are network, information-
retrieval, electronic-mail, and bulletin-board services.
Network
A public network service leases time on a WAN, thereby providing terminals in
other cities with access to a host computer. Examples of such services include
Telenet, Tymnet, Uninet, and Datapac. These services sell the computing power of
the host computer to users who cannot or do not wish to invest in the purchase
of such equipment.
Information-Retrieval
An information-retrieval service leases time on a host computer to customers
whose terminals are used to retrieve data from the host. An example of this is
CompuServe, whose host computer is accessed by means of the public telephone
system. This and other such services provide general-purpose information on news,
weather, sports, finances, and shopping. Other information-retrieval services
may be more specialized. For example, Dow Jones News Retrieval Services provide
general-purpose information on financial news and quotations, corporate-earning
estimates, company disclosures, weekly economic survey updates, and Wall Street
Journal highlights. Newsnet provides information from about 200 newsletters in
30 different industries; Dialog Information Services, BRS Bibliographic
Retrieval Services, and Orbit Information Retrieval Services provide library
information; and Westlaw provides legal information to its users. See Database.
Electronic-Mail
By means of electronic mail, terminals transmit documents such as letters,
reports, and telexes to other computers or terminals. To gain access to these
services, most terminals use a public network. Source Mail (available through
The Source) and EMAIL (available through CompuServe) enable terminals to
transmit documents to a host computer. The documents can then be retrieved by
other terminals. MCI Mail Service and the U.S. Postal ECOM Service (also
available through The Source) let terminals transmit documents to a computer in
another city. The service then prints the documents and delivers them as hard
copy. ITT Timetran, RCA Global Communications, and Western Union Easylink let
terminals send telexes to other cities.
Bulletin-Board
By means of a bulletin board, terminals are able to facilitate exchanges and
other transactions. Many bulletin boards do not charge a fee for their services.
Users of these services simply exchange information on hobbies, buy and sell
goods and services, and exchange computer programs.
Ongoing Developments
Certain telecommunication methods have become standard in the telecommunications
industry as a whole, because if two devices use different standards they are
unable to communicate properly. Standards are developed in two ways: (1) the
method is so widely used that it comes to dominate; (2) the method is published
by a standard-setting organization. The most important organization in this
respect is the International Telecommunication Union, a specialized agency of
the United Nations, and one of its operational entities, the International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT). Other organizations in
the area of standards are the American National Standards Institute, the
Institute of Electrical Engineers, and the Electronic Industries Association.
One of the goals of these organizations is the full realization of the
integrated services digital network (ISDN), which is projected to be capable of
transmitting through a variety of media and at very high speeds both voice and
nonvoice data around the world in digital form.
Other developments in the industry are aimed at increasing the speed at which
data can be transmitted. Improvements are being made continually in modems and
in the communications networks. Some public data networks support transmission
of 56,000 bits per second (bps), and modems for home use (see Microcomputer) are
capable of as much as 28,800 bps.
Introduction
When a handful of American scientists installed the first node of a new computer
network in the late 60's, they could not know by any chance what phenomenon they
had launched. They were set a challenging task to develop and realise a
completely new communication system that would be either fully damage-resistant
or at least functional even if an essential part of it was in ruins, in case the
Third World War started. The scientists did what they had been asked to. By 1972
there were thirty-seven nodes already installed and ARPANET (Advanced Research
Projects Agency NET), as the system of the computer nodes was named, was working
(Sterling 1993). Since those "ancient times", during which the network was used
only for national academic and military purposes (Sterling 1993), much of the
character of the network has changed. Its today users work in both commercial
and non-commercial branches and not just in academic and governmental
institutions. Nor is the network only national: it has expanded to many
countries around the world, the network has become international and in that way
it got its name. People call it Internet.
The popularity of this new phenomenon is rising rapidly, almost beyond belief.
In January 1994 there were an estimated 2 million computers linked to the
Internet. However, this is nothing compared to the number from last year's
statistics. At the end of 1995, 10 million computers with 40-50 million users
were assumed to be connected to the network-of-networks. If it goes on like this,
most personal computers will be wired to the network at the end of this century
(Internet Society 1996).
The Internet is phenomenal in many ways. One of them is that it connects people
from different nations and cultures. The network enables them to communicate,
exchange opinions and gain information from one another. As each country has its
own national language, in order to communicate and make themselves understood in
this multilingual environment the huge number Internet users need to share a
knowledge of one particular language, a language that would function as a lingua
franca. On the Internet, for various reasons, the lingua franca is English.
Because of the large number of countries into which the Internet has spread and
which bring with them a considerable variety of languages English, for its
status of a global language, has become a necessary communication medium on the
Internet. What is more, the position of English as the language of the network
is strengthened by the explosive growth of the computer web as great numbers of
new users are connecting to it every day.
Internet, in computer science, an open interconnection of networks that enables
connected computers to communicate directly. There is a global, public Internet
and many smaller-scale, controlled-access internets, known as enterprise
internets. In early 1995 more than 50,000 networks and 5 million computers were
connected via the Internet, with a computer growth rate of about 9 percent per
month.
Services
The public Internet supports thousands of operational and experimental services.
Electronic mail (e-mail) allows a message to be sent from one computer to one or
more other computers. Internet e-mail standards have become the means of
interconnecting most of the world's e-mail systems. E-mail can also be used to
create collaborative groups through the use of special e-mail accounts called
reflectors, or exploders. Users with a common interest join a mailing list, or
alias, and this account automatically distributes mail to all its members. The
World Wide Web allows users to create and use point-and-click hypermedia
presentations. These documents are linked across the Internet to form a vast
repository of information that can be browsed easily. Gopher allows users to
create and use computer file directories. This service is linked across the
Internet to allow other users to browse files. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
allows users to transfer computer files easily between host computers. This is
still the primary use of the Internet, especially for software distribution, and
many public distribution sites exist. The Usenet service allows users to
distribute news messages automatically among thousands of structured newsgroups.
Telnet allows users to log in to another computer from a remote location. Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) allows almost any Internet object to be
remotely monitored and controlled.
Connection
Internets are constructed using many kinds of electronic transport media,
including optical fiber, telephone lines, satellite systems, and local area
networks. They can connect almost any kind of computer or operating system, and
they are self-aware of their capabilities. An internet is usually implemented
using international standards collectively called Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The protocols are implemented in software
running on the connected computer. Most computers connected to the internet are
called hosts. Computers that route data, or data packets, to other computers are
called routers. Networks and computers that are part of the global Internet
possess unique registered addresses and obtain access from Internet service
providers. There are four ways to connect to the public Internet: by host,
network, terminal, or gateway access. Host access is usually done either with
local area networks or with the use of telephone lines and modems combined with
Internet software on a personal computer. Host access allows the attached
computer to fully interact with any other attached computer—limited only by the
bandwidth of the connection and the capability of the computer. Network access
is similar to host access, but it is usually done via a leased telephone line
that connects to a local or wide area network. All the attached computers can
become Internet hosts. Terminal access is usually done via telephone lines and
modems combined with terminal-emulation software on a personal computer. It
allows interaction with another computer that is an Internet host. Gateway
access is similar to terminal access but is provided via on-line or similar
proprietary services, or other networks such as Bitnet, Fidonets, or UUCP nets
that allow users minimally to exchange e-mail with the Internet.
Development
The Internet technology was developed principally by American computer scientist
Vinton Cerf in 1973 as part of a United States Department of Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) project managed by American engineer Robert
Kahn. In 1984 the development of the technology and the running of the network
were turned over to the private sector and to government research and scientific
agencies for further development. Since its inception, the Internet has
continued to grow rapidly. In early 1995, access was available in 180 countries
and there were more than 30 million users. It is expected that 100 million
computers will be connected via the public Internet by 2000, and even more via
enterprise internets. The technology and the Internet have supported global
collaboration among people and organizations, information sharing, network
innovations, and rapid business transactions. The development of the World Wide
Web is fueling the introduction of new business tools and uses that may lead to
billions of dollars worth of business transactions on the Internet in the future.
In the Internet nowadays, the majority of computers are from the commercial
sphere. In fact, the commercialisation of the network, which has
been taking place during the last three or four years, has caused the recent
boom of the network, of the WWW service in particular . It all
started in the network's homeland in 1986, when ARPANET was gradually replaced
by a newer and technologically better built network called NSFNET. This network
was more open to private and commercial organisations which,
realising the potential of the possible commercial use of the Internet, started
to connect themselves to the network.
There are several possibilities how commercial organisations can benefit from
their connection to the English-speaking Internet. Internet users are supposed
to be able to speak and understand English, and actually most of them do. With
the rapidly rising number of users, the network is a potential world market
and English will be its important tool. The status of English as a
world language, or rather its large number of people who are able to process and
use information in English, already enables commercial organisations to present
themselves, their work and their products on the Internet. Thanks to English and
the Internet companies can correspond with their partners abroad, respond to any
question or give advice on any problem that their international customers can
have with their products almost immediately
. Considering the fact
that many of the biggest, economically strongest and influential organisations
are from the USA or other native English speaking countries, the
commercialisation has very much reinforced the use of English on the Internet.
Saturday, March 26, 2016
Friday, March 25, 2016
Benefits From Using The Internet
What is the Internet? The Internet is the mechanism or matrix that connects networks around the world to each other and is generally referred to as the World Wide Web.
Since the conception of the Internet, those who are not afraid to learn or try something new have benefited greatly in many ways. Businesses as well as individuals reap the benefits from using the Internet on a daily basis.
Since the invention of IP, or in other words, Internet Protocol (Microsoft), it has become just as easy as calling someone via telephone to connect to a network or database and obtain the information desired. To make it easier to understand, the IP number is referred to sometimes as the telephone number since this is how computers recognize who is who. Something else is called TCP, or in other words, Transmission Control Protocol (Microsoft). Basically, TCP breaks the information up into packets in order to send and receive information more easily through the Internet connection.
First, in order to be able to use the Internet, one must meet certain requirements. Although different systems and/or operating systems can connect to the Internet, we will focus on the IBM personal computer that needs at least Windows 95 running. A modem or router device is needed to actually make the connection to your service provider. There are different types of connections depending on how much one wishes to spend and the speed of the connection desired. A service provider is also needed who is someone that provides a server foundation for one to connect to and then from there connect to other servers, computers, or databases.
Next, the service provider also assigns an e-mail address that is used to send pictures, files, or just text back and forth. E-mail stands for electronic mail and is essentially that. This e-mail address consists of a user name designed by the user and once determined that there is not already one existing in the service provider’s customer base, @ or what is referred to as at, and the service provider’s server domain. I will use as an example of this AOL.com since most people have heard of American Online as a service provider. One’s service provider uses the user name and a password for security reasons to identify his or her customers. Depending on the package that one pays for, there are also personal web sites where one can upload personal information for others to see.
Personally, communication improves between friends and family by using the Internet. Some of the personal benefits include email; live chat, chatting can be done either by typing or actually talking with the proper program installed and headset; and video conferencing. Shareware or freeware is software that one can download for free. There are software programs that through using an Internet connection one can accomplish communicating live with friends and/or loved ones as well as see when their friends and/or loved ones are online. By sending e-mails, you save money by not using paper, envelopes, or stamps.
In addition, by tapping into the enormous online resources, one can find out or investigate pretty much anything he or she desires. One can shop for the best airline ticket fares or purchase a wide variety of products available with the use of a credit card. One can, with participating banks and/or credit card companies, see account balances, and pay bills online.
Commercially, companies may also benefit by properly utilizing what the Internet has to offer. With the proper connection, live virtual-business meetings may be held from two or more locations anywhere in the world thus saving on travel expenses, time, etc. With e-mail, written communication becomes easier and files may be sent containing pertinent information. Purchasing agents can look for pricing on components needed, new suppliers, it is even possible to connect to suppliers in some circumstances to see availability, shipping information, etc. An example of this being used successfully is “Goodyear North American Tire, for example, has streamlined order management, linking its 12 manufacturing locations through its distribution centers to its dealer network. Its "extranet" allows dealers to look up real-time product and marketing information, including price checks, inventory levels and order status. The company now has 3,000 of its 4,000 dealers and company-owned outlets on the system. Delivery times have been shortened. Inventory management is secure and flexible” (Mills).
Furthermore, here is another example of how the Internet may be used to benefit commerce. "Corporate e-learning is one of the fastest-growing sectors within the education market," says KPMG Consulting. "E-learning is moving out of the early technology phase into a more mainstream business market. "As well as connecting employees through e-learning, companies can also link up with partners, suppliers and customers, KPMG adds. "Huge benefits will accrue when content flows seamlessly - often over mobile networks - throughout industry value chains" (Fisher).
The world keeps getting smaller due to the technological advances such as the Internet that allow one to communicate and learn at a faster pace.
Since the conception of the Internet, those who are not afraid to learn or try something new have benefited greatly in many ways. Businesses as well as individuals reap the benefits from using the Internet on a daily basis.
Since the invention of IP, or in other words, Internet Protocol (Microsoft), it has become just as easy as calling someone via telephone to connect to a network or database and obtain the information desired. To make it easier to understand, the IP number is referred to sometimes as the telephone number since this is how computers recognize who is who. Something else is called TCP, or in other words, Transmission Control Protocol (Microsoft). Basically, TCP breaks the information up into packets in order to send and receive information more easily through the Internet connection.
First, in order to be able to use the Internet, one must meet certain requirements. Although different systems and/or operating systems can connect to the Internet, we will focus on the IBM personal computer that needs at least Windows 95 running. A modem or router device is needed to actually make the connection to your service provider. There are different types of connections depending on how much one wishes to spend and the speed of the connection desired. A service provider is also needed who is someone that provides a server foundation for one to connect to and then from there connect to other servers, computers, or databases.
Next, the service provider also assigns an e-mail address that is used to send pictures, files, or just text back and forth. E-mail stands for electronic mail and is essentially that. This e-mail address consists of a user name designed by the user and once determined that there is not already one existing in the service provider’s customer base, @ or what is referred to as at, and the service provider’s server domain. I will use as an example of this AOL.com since most people have heard of American Online as a service provider. One’s service provider uses the user name and a password for security reasons to identify his or her customers. Depending on the package that one pays for, there are also personal web sites where one can upload personal information for others to see.
Personally, communication improves between friends and family by using the Internet. Some of the personal benefits include email; live chat, chatting can be done either by typing or actually talking with the proper program installed and headset; and video conferencing. Shareware or freeware is software that one can download for free. There are software programs that through using an Internet connection one can accomplish communicating live with friends and/or loved ones as well as see when their friends and/or loved ones are online. By sending e-mails, you save money by not using paper, envelopes, or stamps.
In addition, by tapping into the enormous online resources, one can find out or investigate pretty much anything he or she desires. One can shop for the best airline ticket fares or purchase a wide variety of products available with the use of a credit card. One can, with participating banks and/or credit card companies, see account balances, and pay bills online.
Commercially, companies may also benefit by properly utilizing what the Internet has to offer. With the proper connection, live virtual-business meetings may be held from two or more locations anywhere in the world thus saving on travel expenses, time, etc. With e-mail, written communication becomes easier and files may be sent containing pertinent information. Purchasing agents can look for pricing on components needed, new suppliers, it is even possible to connect to suppliers in some circumstances to see availability, shipping information, etc. An example of this being used successfully is “Goodyear North American Tire, for example, has streamlined order management, linking its 12 manufacturing locations through its distribution centers to its dealer network. Its "extranet" allows dealers to look up real-time product and marketing information, including price checks, inventory levels and order status. The company now has 3,000 of its 4,000 dealers and company-owned outlets on the system. Delivery times have been shortened. Inventory management is secure and flexible” (Mills).
Furthermore, here is another example of how the Internet may be used to benefit commerce. "Corporate e-learning is one of the fastest-growing sectors within the education market," says KPMG Consulting. "E-learning is moving out of the early technology phase into a more mainstream business market. "As well as connecting employees through e-learning, companies can also link up with partners, suppliers and customers, KPMG adds. "Huge benefits will accrue when content flows seamlessly - often over mobile networks - throughout industry value chains" (Fisher).
The world keeps getting smaller due to the technological advances such as the Internet that allow one to communicate and learn at a faster pace.
Thursday, March 24, 2016
Domestic Violence in Advertising
Domestic abuse is a very important issue. Someone can be abused physically, mentally, and verbally. These 1950’s Ads show woman being abused mentally and physically. Even though the ads aren’t explicitly promoting abuse, they use abuse to help sell their product. The ads argue that women are inferior to men because one shows a woman basically slaving over her husband and in the other one the husband is beating his wife.
The image of the husband spanking his wife because she hadn’t been buying the fresh store-bought coffee is in black and white. The fact that is in black and white argues that it is an image that came out in the 50’s. During this time, women were only seen as being domesticated house wives, only to attend to their husbands. These were the time where there was no such thing as domestic abuse and hitting your wife was just your business. This image also indicates that women are only to be domesticated because ad is advertising fresh coffee and coffee is made typically in a kitchen. Therefore, a woman should always stay at her duty and do the house work or make sure her husband is getting fresh coffee. The ad is obviously aiming towards the female spouse because at the top of the image it says “If your husband ever finds out you’re not store testing for fresher coffee” indicating that if she doesn’t buy the right kind of coffee, which in this case is Chase and Sanborn Coffee, she will be spanked and humiliated. The ad is basically implying that woman need to be taught a lesson when they do something wrong, almost like they are children and they don’t know any better. The ad wants to get women to fear their husbands when the women don’t obey.
The second ad is advertising a tie by the company Van Heusen. In the picture there is a man lying in bed being served by his wife. The wife in this ad is on her knees looking up at her husband at the side of the bed. Her being on her knees makes her look weak and vulnerable. Her being in her robe also could symbolize that she is vulnerable because someone in their robe is typically at home. The husband on the other hand, is in a relaxed position with his hands behind his head. He is lying on a bed that is all white and white signify comfort. It appears as if he is oblivious to his wife serving him and more concerned about his new tie. At the top of the ad it says “show her it’s a man’s world” indicating that men are rulers and woman will never amount to a man.
In the 1950s, the role of women was supposed to be perfect. For example, when the man came home the wife was supposed to make sure that dinner was on the table and that the house is clean. Also she was supposed to be obedient to her husband and never disagree. These ads change the role of a woman into something totally different. They essentially give the idea that woman have no real purpose, but to be domesticated. In the second ad it shows the woman serving her husband like that’s her only purpose. This ad is showing domestic abuse because the woman is being hurt mentally.
Both of the ads are alike because they both show women being inferior to the man. The women in both ads seem to be only domesticated and victims from the male superior. These women look helpless, alone and weak. The distinction between the two ads is that the first ad actually shows a man beating his wife.
The first ad is worse because it actually shows a man putting his hands on a woman. This ad gives the idea that women are supposed to be so ideal, that when a woman messes up, she should be punished for it. No ad of any sort should show a man putting his hands on a woman. Domestic abuse is a very serious and shouldn’t be promoted in any shape or form. Women shouldn’t be shown being abused because young people will start believing its okay for someone to put their hands on a woman.
Domestic abuse is very serious; millions of women are being abused by their significant other every day. Statistically, a lot more women than men are being abused because of the mentality of a man being superior. According to Domestic Violence Resource Center “One in four women (25%) has experienced domestic violence in her lifetime” (dvrc-or.org). That’s too many women that are being abused every year and for them it’s not an advertisement. It is injustice for someone to lay their hands on another human being, especially a woman. For this ad to show domestic violence as being normal is not okay.
The image of the husband spanking his wife because she hadn’t been buying the fresh store-bought coffee is in black and white. The fact that is in black and white argues that it is an image that came out in the 50’s. During this time, women were only seen as being domesticated house wives, only to attend to their husbands. These were the time where there was no such thing as domestic abuse and hitting your wife was just your business. This image also indicates that women are only to be domesticated because ad is advertising fresh coffee and coffee is made typically in a kitchen. Therefore, a woman should always stay at her duty and do the house work or make sure her husband is getting fresh coffee. The ad is obviously aiming towards the female spouse because at the top of the image it says “If your husband ever finds out you’re not store testing for fresher coffee” indicating that if she doesn’t buy the right kind of coffee, which in this case is Chase and Sanborn Coffee, she will be spanked and humiliated. The ad is basically implying that woman need to be taught a lesson when they do something wrong, almost like they are children and they don’t know any better. The ad wants to get women to fear their husbands when the women don’t obey.
The second ad is advertising a tie by the company Van Heusen. In the picture there is a man lying in bed being served by his wife. The wife in this ad is on her knees looking up at her husband at the side of the bed. Her being on her knees makes her look weak and vulnerable. Her being in her robe also could symbolize that she is vulnerable because someone in their robe is typically at home. The husband on the other hand, is in a relaxed position with his hands behind his head. He is lying on a bed that is all white and white signify comfort. It appears as if he is oblivious to his wife serving him and more concerned about his new tie. At the top of the ad it says “show her it’s a man’s world” indicating that men are rulers and woman will never amount to a man.
In the 1950s, the role of women was supposed to be perfect. For example, when the man came home the wife was supposed to make sure that dinner was on the table and that the house is clean. Also she was supposed to be obedient to her husband and never disagree. These ads change the role of a woman into something totally different. They essentially give the idea that woman have no real purpose, but to be domesticated. In the second ad it shows the woman serving her husband like that’s her only purpose. This ad is showing domestic abuse because the woman is being hurt mentally.
Both of the ads are alike because they both show women being inferior to the man. The women in both ads seem to be only domesticated and victims from the male superior. These women look helpless, alone and weak. The distinction between the two ads is that the first ad actually shows a man beating his wife.
The first ad is worse because it actually shows a man putting his hands on a woman. This ad gives the idea that women are supposed to be so ideal, that when a woman messes up, she should be punished for it. No ad of any sort should show a man putting his hands on a woman. Domestic abuse is a very serious and shouldn’t be promoted in any shape or form. Women shouldn’t be shown being abused because young people will start believing its okay for someone to put their hands on a woman.
Domestic abuse is very serious; millions of women are being abused by their significant other every day. Statistically, a lot more women than men are being abused because of the mentality of a man being superior. According to Domestic Violence Resource Center “One in four women (25%) has experienced domestic violence in her lifetime” (dvrc-or.org). That’s too many women that are being abused every year and for them it’s not an advertisement. It is injustice for someone to lay their hands on another human being, especially a woman. For this ad to show domestic violence as being normal is not okay.
Wednesday, March 23, 2016
Violence in the Media
Many video games, television programs, adverts, films and
music lyrics depict different forms of violence. Some people feel that
there is too much violence exposed in the media. Many studies have
made the claim that the media is responsible for much of the violence
seen in the world we live in. However, people have choices and
responsibilities we cannot allow ourselves to blame it on other things
such as the media. The violence seen in our media has an impact on
both adults and children. Since children are also exposed to various
forms of media, there has been additional concern for how they process
and think about the violence they see, read or hear. Excessive
exposure to media violence can also affect people in many ways as they
can become disturbed and develop serious fears of being victimized in
real life. Nevertheless, the entertainment industry and those in
favour of the media argue that censoring these images or music will
not solve the problems of a society, which is already violent.
Many areas of the media contain violence in different forms. There are
four different types of violence shown throughout media-actuality,
realistic fictional, choreographed and comic. Actuality shows the
public images that have not been enhanced, altered or composed. These
are mainly shown in TV news and newspapers and have stirred various
opinions of its necessity to be shown. People feel that it is
unacceptable to show these kinds of images, as some scenes can be of
those in agony therefore pointing a camera on them is disrespectful.
However some actuality images are less harmful as it may not be an
extreme act such as tackles in football matches. Realistic fictional
is when violence is acted out which can potentially happen in real
life. This may be unacceptable to people as it can be influential and
seem as exciting therefore there are temptations to copy it.
Choreographed violence in the media are images that have been
rehearsed and planned out, these are often found in films and cause a
bit of debate. It may be seen as acceptable for it is just a film and
shown for entertainment purposes but many may feel that it can be very
influential as images like men holding a gun can seem pleasurable.
However, these images can be acceptable up to a point and may become
intolerable for younger audiences. Comics are images that are normally
found in newspapers and magazines. These don’t have great influences
on readers and is not a type of violence, which cause a lot of debate.
It is mostly seen as entertainment and is accepted as enjoyable
sketches for there is not much temptation to copy it because it is
clearly shown as unrealistic.
Media do try to have some control over what people can see. The BBFC
is an organisation that regulates and classifies the content of the
film, which are shown in cinemas and released in videos. It puts a
certain age limit for the film and may ask for the film’s distributor
to make changes in the form of cuts. This may be material considered
to extreme for a certain age group such as sex, violence, drugs and
swearing. The British Broadcasting of Film Classification was set up
in 1912 and there were two rules for classifying films: no
representations of Christ and no representations of nudity. In 1915,
the policy of the board was summarised by T.P. O’Connor who had been
appointed president. He laid down forty-three grounds for film
censorship and the rules covered areas such as nudity, sex, violence
and political issues. However society has changed and these strict,
cautious rules were drawn from the board. Nevertheless, there are
forms of violence that the bbfc are cautious about such as sexual
violence, glamorisation of weapons and ill treatment of animals and
children. They are also concerned about the emphasis of the process of
violence and the details of criminal techniques.
The watershed is set up to protect younger audiences from being
influenced and it is what can legally be shown before nine o’clock on
television. This is said to not have been doing what it is purposely
built for as children are still up at night and are watching the
television. However, there is only a certain amount of things that the
media can do to help protect children from influential images
therefore it is parents/guardians responsibility to make sure that
they are not watching things that there are not meant to.
Violence can be effective, harsh and disturbing. Some argue that going
through uncomfortable, unpleasant experiences through what we see is
how we learn to make decisions. It makes you think although it may use
the idea of horror to make us feel lucky and appreciative.
Violence in the media can be misinterpreted and have different effects
on people. Moral panics occur when the media blow subjects out of
proportion, which can create redundant commotion within the public.
This encourages scares, which can cause the public to become fearful
and act upon this. Showing and telling the news can be seen to be more
horrific than the actual thing. However, some people feel that graphic
images should be exposed. The media should not hold back as the public
need to know what is going on. The media is the one that give us the
truth.
There have been many studies conducted on the effects of violence on
the society. The effects theory suggests that people’s characteristics
and background will determine how they interpret the violence shown in
the media. It suggests that children are more fragile towards the
violence they are exposed to because of their young age. Violence in
the media excites children but the more they see, the more they need
to excite them. This results in them being less shocked by real life
violence as violent behaviour soon becomes to be seen as normal on
screen. However, violence in the media can sensitise people to the
effects of violence for these images can be so shocking that it can
put people off violence and make them more aware of its consequences.
Media violence can be used as way to release tension and desires
through identification with fictional characteristics and events.
According to the catharsis theory, watching violence is healthy
because it allows viewers to drain their anger and aggressive impulses
into harmless channels. It can reduce subsequent aggression as it
leaves the viewers uplifted and less likely to act violently among
themselves.
The TV news has been in many debates as some argue that they show too
much graphic images. An example of this is the recent incident in
Beslan, which had caused a lot of controversy as people had strong
feelings of what was appropriate to have shown and what had stepped
over the line. Many images of young children, bleeding in agony and
crying out for help had been covered in the news. This had stirred
strong emotions as people had thought it was disrespectful and its not
any of the publics businesses to be looking at these images. Having a
camera pointed at someone after going through something extremely
traumatizing and being at a low point leaves the victim with no
dignity and their moral rights are taken away. However, these were
providing visual knowledge to people about what is going on in the
world. The constant reports from the TV news not only affect victims
but the hostage takers. Media were helping the hostage takers to
publicise their cause and they became dependant on them to make their
cause known. Rolling news is a source of rawness and provides a window
on the real world that other media are unable to match. On the other
hand, it can be seem as deceiving and unnecessary. Footages of the
same thing are shown over and over again and it can become unreliable
to some viewers as wrong, limited information is transmitted in a
cycle. Reporters become too caught up in their work and don’t think
about what they are doing. Many reporters and photographers are more
concerned about their job status than the moral rights involved.
During the happenings in Beslan, reporters began to reflect on the
effects of rolling news. Peter Conrad argued against rolling news and
the amount of graphic images shown. Nick Pollard wrote an argument
responding against Conrad’s views. Peter Conrad has said it is “not to
be trusted” as it crates emotions for us “rather than transmitting
facts.” Nick Pollard thought that Conrad has “rubbished the whole idea
of live news”.
Advertisements depict forms of violence to help publicise products,
issues and artists. The media uses violence in advertising to attract
male audiences. Companies such as Siemens, Addidas and Mitsubishi all
use various types of violence such as the cave man mentality, the new
warriors and heroic masculinity, to sell their product. The cave man
mentality use male icons from well-known history, e.g. ancient
warriors which represents masculinity in advertisement. These show
that being aggressive is part if their nature, therefore the
advertisements associates and fulfils these needs of being brutal
which presumably existed throughout time. These advertisements
influence the idea of male dominance as a biological fact. Another
type of violence used in advertising is the use of military or sports
figures to make the product look more masculine. This is aimed at
young boys and adolescent males and portrays an image that violence is
suave and tolerable. These images are generally shown in adverts for
common male products such as deodorant, trainers and hats and become
presented to consumers with aggressive and violent images of manhood.
Playing violent video games like manhunt can increase a person’s
aggressive, thoughts, feelings and behaviour in actual life. Excessive
display of violence can influence a more destructive approach to
others and will encourage people with the tendencies to violent
behaviour to take that extra step. However, although video games can
be extremely violent, it can be hard to connect this violence in
reality. The content of various video games may offend many people but
the violence shown is of a negative light. Video games do not show
violence to be acceptable or enjoyable. Nevertheless, video games can
still urge people to become aggressive due it violent scenes and
therefore there should be stricter censorship to protect influential
children. However, it is argued that most violent games are rated 18,
it is up to parents under the age of 18 to make sure that they are not
getting hold of these games. Violence can not only be blamed on video
games, it is also lack of parenting, if it wasn’t for video games
there will be something else to blame.
Song Lyrics are known to promote violence. Many artists use ideas of
violence and use aggressive tones in their songs. Bands such as black
eyed peas have demonstrated their opinions about this, and they have
expressed it through the song, ‘Where is the love?’ as its lyrics say,
‘wrong information always shown by the media, infecting the young
minds faster than bacteria.’
Media surrounds us and has an impact on everyone’s lives in different,
big or small ways. The violence it contains still and may always be a
big topic of debate. It is difficult to have the right amount of
violence shown for everyone as each person has different points of
where the line should be drawn.
Tuesday, March 22, 2016
Mass Media Violence and the Effect on Children
Violence in the media is a problem in American society today. The effect can be severe and widespread. The people exposed to this media violence are mostly children. They are very impressionable and imitate what they see, hear and are told by their friends. In this essay I will state my opinion and the opinions of several physiologists and other officials.
Violence on television has been an issue that has plagued man from the day it was invented. Numerous shows depict violent acts such as rape, murder, and other such acts that many people consider inappropriate for adolescents. According to some studies the average child watches about 27 hours of television week. In some cases it is as much as 11 hours a day on a weekend. With the current amount of violence that is on television today these same studies estimate that the average child sees 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence before finishing elementary school. In 1992, there were over 1,800 acts of violence shown on television a day, over 360 those showed an act involving guns. Mediascope's National Television Violence Study found that 57% of television programs aired in 1994 and 1995, contained some violence most of these were cartoons. So the question is, should we ban violence from the television or should we just leave it the way it is?
Some people believe that it should be banned from stations that show children?s programs to prevent the exposure of those children. Sometimes children see a great amount of violence on television, they begin to think that this is right and start to imitate the acts that they see on television, which are not the things that the parents want the children to learn from. One example of this is a thirteen-year-old boy who shot his best friend?s father and then put salt in the wounds. When he was asked why he did this he said that he had seen the same thing on a movie the day before. Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing violence on television: Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Children may be more fearful of the world around them.. Children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. Children who watch a lot of TV are less aroused by violent scenes than are those who only watch a little; in other words, they're less bothered by violence in general, and less likely to anything wrong with it. One example: in several studies, those who watched a violent program instead of a nonviolent one were slower to intervene or to call for help when, a little later, they saw younger children fighting or playing destructively. Children often behave differently after they've been watching violent programs on TV. In one study done at Pennsylvania State University, about 100 preschool children were observed both before and after watching television; some watched cartoons that had a lot of aggressive and violent acts in them, and others watched shows that didn't have any kind of violence. The first group were less likely to share and more prone to hit or be destructive. Prime time programs average eight hostile acts per hour; children's shows four times as much.
People as a society today tend to over react to incidents where children are involved. The problem arises when some demented child who has serious metal problems and can?t define reality and fiction does a horrendous crime and blames all his problems on a show that he saw where two people kill each other. I can see the relevance of this argument but I can?t honestly believe that 50% of children can?t tell the difference between reality and the images they see on television. Without being taught children make their own assessments of the reality status of television programs. The opposing sides of this issue are the parents whose children are viewing the violent material and the television stations that broadcast the shows. Parents can help by just observing their children. Because there is a great deal of violence in both adult and children's programming, just limiting the number of hours children watch television will probably reduce the amount of aggression they see. In addition: Parents should watch at least one episode of the programs their children watch. Parents can encourage their children to watch programs that demonstrate helping, caring and cooperation. Parents can protect children from excessive TV violence in the following ways:
Point out that although the actor has not actually been hurt or killed, such violence in real life results in pain or death.
Refuse to let the children see shows known to be violent, and change the channel or turn off the TV set when something offensive comes on, with an explanation of what is wrong with the program.
Disapprove of the violent episodes in front of the children, stressing the belief that such behavior is not the best way to resolve a problem.
To offset peer pressure among friends and classmates, contact other parents and agree to enforce similar rules that limit the length of time and type of program the children may watch.
Studies show that these non-violent types of programs can influence children to become more kind and considerate. Although there are different views on the impact of TV violence, one very strong summary is provided by Eron (1992) in his recent congressional testimony:
There can no longer be any doubt that heavy exposure to televised violence is one of the causes of aggressive behavior, crime and violence in society. The evidence comes from both the laboratory and real-life studies. Television violence affects youngsters of all ages, of both genders, at all socio-economic levels and all levels of intelligence. The effect is not limited to children who are already disposed to being aggressive and is not restricted to this country. The fact that we get this same finding of a relationship between television violence and aggression in children in study after study, in one country after another cannot be ignored. The causal effect of television violence on aggression, even though it is not very large, exists. It cannot be denied or explained away. We have demonstrated this causal effect outside the laboratory in real-life among many different children. We have come to believe that a vicious cycle exists in which television violence makes children more aggressive and these aggressive children turn to watching more violence to justify their own behavior." (p. 1)
Others believe that violence makes television more interesting and that if you take it off the air that the programs will be more boring and that they will go to the networks that are showing the violent programs that are interesting. The problem with this issue is the right of free speech. The networks have the right to show any thing that they want. The government does regulate some of the programs but they can?t see them all. Television viewers argue that if networks were forced to take the violence off the air that they would lose viewers and then they would lose the sponsors that they depend on. They also believe that this would be denying their freedom. Television stations have received many complaints from the public regarding the content of the violent shows that they show on their networks. A poll was taken in March 1993 showed that 72 percent of Canadians believe that TV entertainment shows contain too much violence. Major networks like NBC and CBS have received a great deal of criticism because there are viewed the most. However the major networks have said that most of the violence is shown on cable networks and not on their networks. Some networks are saying that violence is not the worst thing on TV. They say that sex, drug use, and alcohol abuse on television is more influential then the violence that is shown. As a result, the networks do not think about limiting the violence on programs is as big a priority as limiting the sexual content or the drug use. The government has the right to cancel or edit any program that they see fit but the problem is that they don?t see all the programs before they are aired to the public. But because of the pressure of society, networks are becoming diligent in keeping a leash on what is said and done on their stations.
Modern technology has come up with ways to regulate the violence and the type of television watched by kids. The summer of 1993 marked an important milestone for the issue of television violence. Due to the work of Senator Paul Simon (D-IL), the industry met and discussed the issue media violence with media activists. For the first time the industry leaders acknowledged that there might be some reason for concern. The broadcast industry and the cable industry both agreed to monitor their offerings for levels of violence. UCLA was chosen to monitor broadcast television, while Mediascope was contracted to do the same for cable television. The final V-chip may not be a chip, but a modification of existing technology in TV sets, i.e., and the closed-captioning system. According to industry spokesmen, modification to the existing closed-caption to include the V-chip rating would not be difficult. A rating code would be carried within an unused portion of the television signal, the black bar that appears when the horizontal hole on a television set goes out of whack and the picture rolls. It would be an improvement over existing technology that allows parents to block an entire channel, since the V-chip could automatically block-selected programs. The Electronic Industries Association has been working on a V-Chip technical standard for more than 3 years. Many people have comments on the v-chip. President Bill Clinton looks on the V-Chip as giving the remote control back to the parent. The administration supported the V-Chip and has aided in the formation of a means to create a rating system. Senator Paul Simon, a long time critic of the industry, surprised and disappointed many when he opposed the concept of the V-Chip and the legislation, which incorporates it into new television set. In an article written for Business Wire and also in a speech on the floor of the Senate he argues that:
Violence on television has been an issue that has plagued man from the day it was invented. Numerous shows depict violent acts such as rape, murder, and other such acts that many people consider inappropriate for adolescents. According to some studies the average child watches about 27 hours of television week. In some cases it is as much as 11 hours a day on a weekend. With the current amount of violence that is on television today these same studies estimate that the average child sees 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence before finishing elementary school. In 1992, there were over 1,800 acts of violence shown on television a day, over 360 those showed an act involving guns. Mediascope's National Television Violence Study found that 57% of television programs aired in 1994 and 1995, contained some violence most of these were cartoons. So the question is, should we ban violence from the television or should we just leave it the way it is?
Some people believe that it should be banned from stations that show children?s programs to prevent the exposure of those children. Sometimes children see a great amount of violence on television, they begin to think that this is right and start to imitate the acts that they see on television, which are not the things that the parents want the children to learn from. One example of this is a thirteen-year-old boy who shot his best friend?s father and then put salt in the wounds. When he was asked why he did this he said that he had seen the same thing on a movie the day before. Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing violence on television: Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Children may be more fearful of the world around them.. Children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. Children who watch a lot of TV are less aroused by violent scenes than are those who only watch a little; in other words, they're less bothered by violence in general, and less likely to anything wrong with it. One example: in several studies, those who watched a violent program instead of a nonviolent one were slower to intervene or to call for help when, a little later, they saw younger children fighting or playing destructively. Children often behave differently after they've been watching violent programs on TV. In one study done at Pennsylvania State University, about 100 preschool children were observed both before and after watching television; some watched cartoons that had a lot of aggressive and violent acts in them, and others watched shows that didn't have any kind of violence. The first group were less likely to share and more prone to hit or be destructive. Prime time programs average eight hostile acts per hour; children's shows four times as much.
People as a society today tend to over react to incidents where children are involved. The problem arises when some demented child who has serious metal problems and can?t define reality and fiction does a horrendous crime and blames all his problems on a show that he saw where two people kill each other. I can see the relevance of this argument but I can?t honestly believe that 50% of children can?t tell the difference between reality and the images they see on television. Without being taught children make their own assessments of the reality status of television programs. The opposing sides of this issue are the parents whose children are viewing the violent material and the television stations that broadcast the shows. Parents can help by just observing their children. Because there is a great deal of violence in both adult and children's programming, just limiting the number of hours children watch television will probably reduce the amount of aggression they see. In addition: Parents should watch at least one episode of the programs their children watch. Parents can encourage their children to watch programs that demonstrate helping, caring and cooperation. Parents can protect children from excessive TV violence in the following ways:
Point out that although the actor has not actually been hurt or killed, such violence in real life results in pain or death.
Refuse to let the children see shows known to be violent, and change the channel or turn off the TV set when something offensive comes on, with an explanation of what is wrong with the program.
Disapprove of the violent episodes in front of the children, stressing the belief that such behavior is not the best way to resolve a problem.
To offset peer pressure among friends and classmates, contact other parents and agree to enforce similar rules that limit the length of time and type of program the children may watch.
Studies show that these non-violent types of programs can influence children to become more kind and considerate. Although there are different views on the impact of TV violence, one very strong summary is provided by Eron (1992) in his recent congressional testimony:
There can no longer be any doubt that heavy exposure to televised violence is one of the causes of aggressive behavior, crime and violence in society. The evidence comes from both the laboratory and real-life studies. Television violence affects youngsters of all ages, of both genders, at all socio-economic levels and all levels of intelligence. The effect is not limited to children who are already disposed to being aggressive and is not restricted to this country. The fact that we get this same finding of a relationship between television violence and aggression in children in study after study, in one country after another cannot be ignored. The causal effect of television violence on aggression, even though it is not very large, exists. It cannot be denied or explained away. We have demonstrated this causal effect outside the laboratory in real-life among many different children. We have come to believe that a vicious cycle exists in which television violence makes children more aggressive and these aggressive children turn to watching more violence to justify their own behavior." (p. 1)
Others believe that violence makes television more interesting and that if you take it off the air that the programs will be more boring and that they will go to the networks that are showing the violent programs that are interesting. The problem with this issue is the right of free speech. The networks have the right to show any thing that they want. The government does regulate some of the programs but they can?t see them all. Television viewers argue that if networks were forced to take the violence off the air that they would lose viewers and then they would lose the sponsors that they depend on. They also believe that this would be denying their freedom. Television stations have received many complaints from the public regarding the content of the violent shows that they show on their networks. A poll was taken in March 1993 showed that 72 percent of Canadians believe that TV entertainment shows contain too much violence. Major networks like NBC and CBS have received a great deal of criticism because there are viewed the most. However the major networks have said that most of the violence is shown on cable networks and not on their networks. Some networks are saying that violence is not the worst thing on TV. They say that sex, drug use, and alcohol abuse on television is more influential then the violence that is shown. As a result, the networks do not think about limiting the violence on programs is as big a priority as limiting the sexual content or the drug use. The government has the right to cancel or edit any program that they see fit but the problem is that they don?t see all the programs before they are aired to the public. But because of the pressure of society, networks are becoming diligent in keeping a leash on what is said and done on their stations.
Modern technology has come up with ways to regulate the violence and the type of television watched by kids. The summer of 1993 marked an important milestone for the issue of television violence. Due to the work of Senator Paul Simon (D-IL), the industry met and discussed the issue media violence with media activists. For the first time the industry leaders acknowledged that there might be some reason for concern. The broadcast industry and the cable industry both agreed to monitor their offerings for levels of violence. UCLA was chosen to monitor broadcast television, while Mediascope was contracted to do the same for cable television. The final V-chip may not be a chip, but a modification of existing technology in TV sets, i.e., and the closed-captioning system. According to industry spokesmen, modification to the existing closed-caption to include the V-chip rating would not be difficult. A rating code would be carried within an unused portion of the television signal, the black bar that appears when the horizontal hole on a television set goes out of whack and the picture rolls. It would be an improvement over existing technology that allows parents to block an entire channel, since the V-chip could automatically block-selected programs. The Electronic Industries Association has been working on a V-Chip technical standard for more than 3 years. Many people have comments on the v-chip. President Bill Clinton looks on the V-Chip as giving the remote control back to the parent. The administration supported the V-Chip and has aided in the formation of a means to create a rating system. Senator Paul Simon, a long time critic of the industry, surprised and disappointed many when he opposed the concept of the V-Chip and the legislation, which incorporates it into new television set. In an article written for Business Wire and also in a speech on the floor of the Senate he argues that:
Monday, March 21, 2016
Reflections on Media
Messages to general public are transferred using a communication tool, which is known as Media. The different forms of media are written or verbal, oral or visual media. Magazines, newspapers, radio, film television, advertisements on the Internet are examples of media. Because of the developments in the mass media, media studies came and it a gives a strong important to the generation about what we know about media and how we know it.
One of the most essential role’s played by media in an individual’s viewpoint is on political, economic and social cultural issues. Bazalgette Explains that “Media studies open up your understanding of how things work, how people become informed - or misinformed - and how the myths and ideologies that govern all our lives are created and sustained.” . There are disagreements on this topic because the subject is still new and how should media be interpreted and also how the hybrid subject came about from different sources . There are different disciplines of hybrid such as semiotics, structuralism, sociolinguistics and many more. In academic discipline media studies is also considered. In order to analyze the media there are no limits to individuals.
For this subject analysis of media is really important. English literature and English Language is associated with media studies. Nevertheless programs in media studies use psychology, economics, sociology and politics to make sure that they understand and also needs to study texts from different viewpoints. Reading and writing skills and also critical analysis deals with the English subject. “media studies are essentially political” which is stated by Bazalgette, to ask inquiries about who owns the media and why is ‘political’. The person who consumes the media should have the information about who owns what media, this is also known as media ownership. Does an individual, a small firm or a large conglomeration own it?
In the topic media studies it is very important to understand why is it studied and what is studied. Bazalgetee states about the five reasoning’s in which the first is ‘popularity’. “Why is there a certain game show, movie, song, or computer game studied more that another is simply because a lot if people like them” . For example popular game shows like who wants to be a billionaire? , WWE, Dance moms and many more illustrates how manipulated the audience is and the media which is preferred. Exemplification, which is the second it means worthiness of study. “It is characteristic of media studies that it tests and reviews its own theories, asking students to consider a range of examples and then to figure out not only the usefulness of a theory but also its limitations”. In the third, which is Notoriety it analyzes the contexts of social, political and cultural in a way that can examine the media text. Controversial documents, songs or movies are most of the ones. Turning point, which is the fourth, it is where texts can be significant without being notorious. The last one is aesthetic value it is where making judgments after picking out important meanings. Experience and self influence Media studies in the mediated world. In the symbolic systems self is seen as a product, which come before the time (Thompson, 1995).
American and European are two different ways to know how media is studied. “European and American theories are identified as application to media and communications. They are differences between these two and the "European" is characterized as interpretive and holistic in scope and "American" as empirical and micro (Sinclair, 2002). Since there are two ways to study which American or European however it is different since in the European way it communicates in such way that “heavily interpretive and holistic in scope that is taking a macro-perspective, looking down on society on a whole” (Sinclair, 2002). In addition the American way is a direct observation. Content analysis defines as a quantifiable and a systematic method to analyze the media messages . This model is easy to understand to whom messages are transferred.
Textual Analysis, which is analyzing and gathering information. Moreover in textual analysis “it is also a way to approach media texts to try to understand their meanings” . Content Analysis is which replicates can be done when mechanisms of newspaper or programs breaks down. On the other hand in Semiotic Analysis has different elements, which break texts, and labels them. No one can claim that if a text is mistaken or not in the illustration of real life. This shows that there is no correct way of text. The text is divided into 3 levels that is genre, audiences communicated and different codes producers. Sometimes its is circulated by the genre of the text , the public context in the rest of the text.
One of the most essential role’s played by media in an individual’s viewpoint is on political, economic and social cultural issues. Bazalgette Explains that “Media studies open up your understanding of how things work, how people become informed - or misinformed - and how the myths and ideologies that govern all our lives are created and sustained.” . There are disagreements on this topic because the subject is still new and how should media be interpreted and also how the hybrid subject came about from different sources . There are different disciplines of hybrid such as semiotics, structuralism, sociolinguistics and many more. In academic discipline media studies is also considered. In order to analyze the media there are no limits to individuals.
For this subject analysis of media is really important. English literature and English Language is associated with media studies. Nevertheless programs in media studies use psychology, economics, sociology and politics to make sure that they understand and also needs to study texts from different viewpoints. Reading and writing skills and also critical analysis deals with the English subject. “media studies are essentially political” which is stated by Bazalgette, to ask inquiries about who owns the media and why is ‘political’. The person who consumes the media should have the information about who owns what media, this is also known as media ownership. Does an individual, a small firm or a large conglomeration own it?
In the topic media studies it is very important to understand why is it studied and what is studied. Bazalgetee states about the five reasoning’s in which the first is ‘popularity’. “Why is there a certain game show, movie, song, or computer game studied more that another is simply because a lot if people like them” . For example popular game shows like who wants to be a billionaire? , WWE, Dance moms and many more illustrates how manipulated the audience is and the media which is preferred. Exemplification, which is the second it means worthiness of study. “It is characteristic of media studies that it tests and reviews its own theories, asking students to consider a range of examples and then to figure out not only the usefulness of a theory but also its limitations”. In the third, which is Notoriety it analyzes the contexts of social, political and cultural in a way that can examine the media text. Controversial documents, songs or movies are most of the ones. Turning point, which is the fourth, it is where texts can be significant without being notorious. The last one is aesthetic value it is where making judgments after picking out important meanings. Experience and self influence Media studies in the mediated world. In the symbolic systems self is seen as a product, which come before the time (Thompson, 1995).
American and European are two different ways to know how media is studied. “European and American theories are identified as application to media and communications. They are differences between these two and the "European" is characterized as interpretive and holistic in scope and "American" as empirical and micro (Sinclair, 2002). Since there are two ways to study which American or European however it is different since in the European way it communicates in such way that “heavily interpretive and holistic in scope that is taking a macro-perspective, looking down on society on a whole” (Sinclair, 2002). In addition the American way is a direct observation. Content analysis defines as a quantifiable and a systematic method to analyze the media messages . This model is easy to understand to whom messages are transferred.
Textual Analysis, which is analyzing and gathering information. Moreover in textual analysis “it is also a way to approach media texts to try to understand their meanings” . Content Analysis is which replicates can be done when mechanisms of newspaper or programs breaks down. On the other hand in Semiotic Analysis has different elements, which break texts, and labels them. No one can claim that if a text is mistaken or not in the illustration of real life. This shows that there is no correct way of text. The text is divided into 3 levels that is genre, audiences communicated and different codes producers. Sometimes its is circulated by the genre of the text , the public context in the rest of the text.
Learning the media is also a very good way to understand the different jobs in the media industries and how these works are changing. The film and broadcasting industries have been predicted to face a shortage of skills it the time to come and therefore will be in need of people who are literate about the media. The importance of doing media studies is not just getting a career. At one point in the lives we would have to involve with the media in some form, not just as a customer or audience but perhaps a producer. A Media study is a course that is rather challenging and it will somehow make a difference in our lives. It gives us the power of choice as well as questioning. We should be able to have the power to ask questions and not just consuming whatever that is thrown to us. In conclusion, Critical thinking is emphasizing in the media studies since we live in a mediated environment. It also shows that it’s well educated due to media studies.
Sunday, March 20, 2016
Bad Language and Violence in Entertainment
I find this "liberated age" morally and intellectually void of any redeeming qualities. I must admit that when I was a teenager life styles were, in comparison, almost puritanical and teenagers felt life was too restrictive. Today the restrictions have indeed been relaxed. In fact I see very little sign of any restrictions on content and explicitness and I find this both annoying and insulting to my concept of decency or morality.
I search through the movie listings to find a film that will be enjoyable. No assurance, because most films contain offensive scenes and dirty language that are completely unnecessary and rather than improve the film, undermine its enjoyment. Children today have, in my estimation, pitiable role models to try to find. It seems the lower the mentality and the poorer the performance, the higher the admiration is for it.
I don't pretend to know the remedy for this condition. Certainly not censorship; but it seems that more pressure might be put on the entertainment industry to clean up its act and tone down its attempts to see who can deliver the most filth without being sued. A little less PC and more honesty would certainly help.
I think it is very disturbing that in the name of freedom of the press we have allowed ourselves to be inundated 24 hours per day by "entertainment" that is not fit for children, much less for adults. What we see today is democracy and capitalism run amok. America's forefathers surely had no clue that technology (I don't think that word was even invented yet) would advance to the point that our treasured basic freedoms would allow multi-media anarchy to reign. The liberated age is an illusion. Our culture now allows us to be liberated only when supplying trash. It does not allow us to be liberated in ideas.
Of course, certain elements within the "entertainment" industry have promoted the crude humor, overt sexuality, unnecessary violence and crude language because it makes money for them -- money from individuals who have become so depraved they don't know any alternative types of entertainment. They are people who have never been taught the importance of love, honor, self-respect, and the need to give back something good to their community. I feel sorry for people who do not see the splendor in nature, in fine art, in profound literature, in gorgeous music, in lasting friendships and in the purity of love.
The burning question is whether we are grateful to live in this liberated age, surrounded by unsophisticated humor, explicit sexuality and excessive violence. I am more puzzled than grateful. The United States is the most religious of all the industrialized nations. We have the highest percentage of church attendance and of people who say that religion is very important in their lives. According to Sen. Joseph Lieberman, religion is the basis of morality. Yet, this nation also has the highest murder rate and the largest percentage of people in prison, not to mention the most degenerate forms of entertainment. How can we have it both ways? If we are living in a moral cesspool, are we also a Christian nation, under God?
What a change in the entertainment fare of our media! We were laughing at the antics of Lucille Ball, Bill Cosby and Tim Allen. Now we have scenarios of men using the restroom urinal, of couples bedroom-bound on the first date. It is shock and negative plot versus talent and a creative script. The human spirit needs beauty, inspiration and challenge to grow and flourish -- qualities that have existed in America. The media and the sponsors need to hear our protest, loud and clear, that we will boycott them and the products they sell if they don't clean up their act.
Yes, it is wonderful living today, with the exception of the filth being handed out by the so-called, entertainment industry and the media, among others. Everyone talks of free speech. Does this mean that I and those that reject the filth must listen to it? The right to "Freedom of Speech" needs to have an addendum attached covering our equal right to be "Free of Forced Listening," which we are currently made to endure by the large-scale coverage of the filth directed toward us by the hardhearted and selfish use of "free speech."
I suppose the entertainment industry provides what is asked for. I just don't know who asks for the filth. We turned the TV off in June and the only time the radio is turned on is when we are leaving the house. Most religious leaders today say that the United States has forgotten God. I don't think that is true; we as a nation have rejected Him, which is a lot worse.
Does living longer because of better food and medicine while having a society full of lies, deceit, drugs, immoral behavior and the like make our lives richer? When you read the newspapers of the past, do you see the offensive language that you see today? Even some so-called comics and cartoons are downright nasty, stupid, vulgar, mean and don't belong in a newspaper.
The excessive violence on the other hand causes me immense concern. I have never been able to stomach violence -- I missed a lot of great movies because of it: "Clockwork Orange," "Apocalypse Now," etc. But at least that violence was pertinent to the storyline. Now, the violence is the storyline. I still miss a lot of movies because of the violence quotient and am appalled that boys and young men get so much pleasure from playing violent video games. It puts me in mind of the Romans and the violent spectacles of the Coliseum. It seems to me our society is headed in the same direction.
There is so much drivel available because it brings in the money. The only way it will be reduced (never stopped) is to stop supporting it. Parents who complain about it need to find a way to control their children's access to it. And if they feel they can't, then they're just taking the easy way out. It's not easy to be a parent. Just because the challenges seem more difficult today, doesn't mean that they're without a solution. Stop blaming others and get back to providing the guidance your children need (and want). The freedoms we enjoy include freedoms for those who disagree with what others consider appropriate. Trying to restrict others from their expression is censorship. Not supporting the newspapers, magazines and movie houses that present that with which you find offense is the best way to reduce the abundance of distasteful "entertainment" and expression.
We have created generations of people who do not understand that words mean things. The more we dumb-down the language and desensitize ourselves to the crude and vulgar, the further we get from what is truly good. When the very common denominator of humanity, our language, is headed into the gutter, the decline in respect for human life should not surprise us. I fear my future grandchildren will enter a world that makes today look civilized.
I'm grateful to live in this age but do not believe all the terrible language and sexual content and violence should be allowed to be shown on TV, in movies or on records. There is a point where freedom of speech and morals of producers have to be considered in what is being done to our country
.
I search through the movie listings to find a film that will be enjoyable. No assurance, because most films contain offensive scenes and dirty language that are completely unnecessary and rather than improve the film, undermine its enjoyment. Children today have, in my estimation, pitiable role models to try to find. It seems the lower the mentality and the poorer the performance, the higher the admiration is for it.
I don't pretend to know the remedy for this condition. Certainly not censorship; but it seems that more pressure might be put on the entertainment industry to clean up its act and tone down its attempts to see who can deliver the most filth without being sued. A little less PC and more honesty would certainly help.
I think it is very disturbing that in the name of freedom of the press we have allowed ourselves to be inundated 24 hours per day by "entertainment" that is not fit for children, much less for adults. What we see today is democracy and capitalism run amok. America's forefathers surely had no clue that technology (I don't think that word was even invented yet) would advance to the point that our treasured basic freedoms would allow multi-media anarchy to reign. The liberated age is an illusion. Our culture now allows us to be liberated only when supplying trash. It does not allow us to be liberated in ideas.
Of course, certain elements within the "entertainment" industry have promoted the crude humor, overt sexuality, unnecessary violence and crude language because it makes money for them -- money from individuals who have become so depraved they don't know any alternative types of entertainment. They are people who have never been taught the importance of love, honor, self-respect, and the need to give back something good to their community. I feel sorry for people who do not see the splendor in nature, in fine art, in profound literature, in gorgeous music, in lasting friendships and in the purity of love.
The burning question is whether we are grateful to live in this liberated age, surrounded by unsophisticated humor, explicit sexuality and excessive violence. I am more puzzled than grateful. The United States is the most religious of all the industrialized nations. We have the highest percentage of church attendance and of people who say that religion is very important in their lives. According to Sen. Joseph Lieberman, religion is the basis of morality. Yet, this nation also has the highest murder rate and the largest percentage of people in prison, not to mention the most degenerate forms of entertainment. How can we have it both ways? If we are living in a moral cesspool, are we also a Christian nation, under God?
What a change in the entertainment fare of our media! We were laughing at the antics of Lucille Ball, Bill Cosby and Tim Allen. Now we have scenarios of men using the restroom urinal, of couples bedroom-bound on the first date. It is shock and negative plot versus talent and a creative script. The human spirit needs beauty, inspiration and challenge to grow and flourish -- qualities that have existed in America. The media and the sponsors need to hear our protest, loud and clear, that we will boycott them and the products they sell if they don't clean up their act.
Yes, it is wonderful living today, with the exception of the filth being handed out by the so-called, entertainment industry and the media, among others. Everyone talks of free speech. Does this mean that I and those that reject the filth must listen to it? The right to "Freedom of Speech" needs to have an addendum attached covering our equal right to be "Free of Forced Listening," which we are currently made to endure by the large-scale coverage of the filth directed toward us by the hardhearted and selfish use of "free speech."
I suppose the entertainment industry provides what is asked for. I just don't know who asks for the filth. We turned the TV off in June and the only time the radio is turned on is when we are leaving the house. Most religious leaders today say that the United States has forgotten God. I don't think that is true; we as a nation have rejected Him, which is a lot worse.
Does living longer because of better food and medicine while having a society full of lies, deceit, drugs, immoral behavior and the like make our lives richer? When you read the newspapers of the past, do you see the offensive language that you see today? Even some so-called comics and cartoons are downright nasty, stupid, vulgar, mean and don't belong in a newspaper.
The excessive violence on the other hand causes me immense concern. I have never been able to stomach violence -- I missed a lot of great movies because of it: "Clockwork Orange," "Apocalypse Now," etc. But at least that violence was pertinent to the storyline. Now, the violence is the storyline. I still miss a lot of movies because of the violence quotient and am appalled that boys and young men get so much pleasure from playing violent video games. It puts me in mind of the Romans and the violent spectacles of the Coliseum. It seems to me our society is headed in the same direction.
There is so much drivel available because it brings in the money. The only way it will be reduced (never stopped) is to stop supporting it. Parents who complain about it need to find a way to control their children's access to it. And if they feel they can't, then they're just taking the easy way out. It's not easy to be a parent. Just because the challenges seem more difficult today, doesn't mean that they're without a solution. Stop blaming others and get back to providing the guidance your children need (and want). The freedoms we enjoy include freedoms for those who disagree with what others consider appropriate. Trying to restrict others from their expression is censorship. Not supporting the newspapers, magazines and movie houses that present that with which you find offense is the best way to reduce the abundance of distasteful "entertainment" and expression.
We have created generations of people who do not understand that words mean things. The more we dumb-down the language and desensitize ourselves to the crude and vulgar, the further we get from what is truly good. When the very common denominator of humanity, our language, is headed into the gutter, the decline in respect for human life should not surprise us. I fear my future grandchildren will enter a world that makes today look civilized.
I'm grateful to live in this age but do not believe all the terrible language and sexual content and violence should be allowed to be shown on TV, in movies or on records. There is a point where freedom of speech and morals of producers have to be considered in what is being done to our country
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